MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL-DERIVED EXOSOME PRODUCTION

Exosomes

Exosomes are involved in intercellular communication.

They transport molecules that are important regulators of intracellular information between nearby and distant cells.

They are surrounded by double-layered phospholipids released from all cells.

They are very small vesicles, 30-180 nanometres in diameter, carrying genetic information, growth factors and proteins.

They are approximately 1/1,000th the size of a cell.

They are structures with high potential in cell renewal and repair in the field of Regenerative Medicine.


Features

  • They carry many biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, mRNAs, miRNAs, and incRNAs.
  • The cargo they carry is thought to offer a significant advantage in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
  • They characteristically carry the membrane and cytoplasmic properties of the cells from which they are secreted.
  • They have the potential to serve as markers in the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases, including cancer.
  • They carry various proteins on their surface and within their matrix (Surface Proteins and Functional Proteins).
  • They contain genetic material (mRNA, miRNA, incRNA).
  • Lipids form the membrane structure and influence the biological functions of exosomes. (Phospholipids, Sphingolipids, Rafts)
  • They possess metabolites that affect metabolic processes (Amino Acids, Enzymes, Intermediate Substances)


Cell Proliferation, Differentiation, Angiogenesis, Fibrosis, Remodelling, Tissue Regeneration and Other Regenerative Processes

  • VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)
  • FGF2 (Fibroblast Growth Factor 2)
  • EGF (Epidermal Growth Factor)
  • BMP2 (Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2)
  • COL1A1 (Collagen Type 1 Alpha 1 Chain)
  • MMP2 (Matrix Metalloproteinase 2)
  • miR-21
  • miR-126
  • miR-29a
  • miR-199a-3p
  • H19
  • MEG3 (Maternally Expressed Gene 3)
  • LINC00467
  • PVT1 (Plasmacytoma Variant Translocation 1)


Antioxidation, Cellular Protection, Cellular Survival and Anti-Apoptosis

  • SOD2 (Superoxide Dismutase 2)
  • GPX1 (Glutathione Peroxidase 1)
  • AKT1 (Protein Kinase B)
  • HSP70 (Heat Shock Protein 70)
  • miR-17-5p
  • miR-210
  • miR-214
  • miR-23a
  • miR-92a
  • miR-27b


Immune Regulation and Inflammation

  • IL10 (Interleukin 10)
  • TGF-β (Transforming Growth Factor Beta)
  • CSF1 (Colony-Stimulating Factor 1)
  • CXCL12 (C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 12)
  • NEAT1 (Nuclear Enriched Abundant Transcript 1)
  • TUG1 (Taurine Upregulated Gene 1)
  • GAS5 (Growth Arrest Specific 5)


Haematopoietic Processes

  • RUNX1 (Runt-Related Transcription Factor-1)
  • GATA2 (GATA Binding Protein 2)
  • EPO (Erythropoietin)


Cellular Metabolism and Energy Management

  • GAPDH (Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase)
  • PGK1 (Phosphoglycerate Kinase 1)
  • PDK1 (Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 1)
  • PGC-1α (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-Alpha)
  • G6PD (Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase)
  • HOTAIR (HOX Transcript Antisense RNA)
  • UCA1 (Urothelial Cancer Associated 1)
  • GAS5 (Growth Arrest Specific 5)
  • LINC01133
  • SNHG16 (Small Nucleolar RNA Host Gene 16)
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes

Exosomes derived from Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) are rapidly emerging as biotherapeutics in regenerative medicine. These exosomes, secreted by young and immunologically advantageous MSCs isolated from the gelatinous connective tissue of the umbilical cord, are notable for their high biological cargo content.

Growth factors such as VEGF, FGF2, EGF, and BMP2, as well as miRNAs like miR-21, miR-126, miR-29a, miR-199a-3p, and antioxidant and cell-protective molecules such as SOD2, GPX1, HSP70, and AKT1 support critical processes such as cell proliferation, angiogenesis, tissue repair, fibrosis suppression, oxidative stress reduction, and inflammation regulation. Furthermore, thanks to immune regulatory molecules such as IL-10, TGF-β, and CXCL12, they maintain balance in the immune system and can suppress autoimmune mechanisms.

Thanks to these biological activities, WJ-MSC exosomes are used in orthopaedics (cartilage and bone regeneration, meniscus and joint injuries), neurology (MS, ALS, Parkinson’s, stroke, spinal cord injuries), cardiology (ischaemic heart disease, heart failure), dermatology (skin rejuvenation, chronic wound and burn treatments), nephrology (acute/chronic kidney damage), hepatology (liver failure, fibrosis), immunology (Crohn’s disease, SLE, RA, GvHD).


Quality Control Parameters (Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes)
  • Serology Analysis
  • Culture Analysis
  • Mycoplasma Analysis
  • Surface Marker Analysis
  • Particle Count Analysis
  • Moisture Determination Analysis