Exosomes
Exosomes are involved in intercellular communication.
They transport molecules that are important regulators of intracellular information between nearby and distant cells.
They are surrounded by double-layered phospholipids released from all cells.
They are very small vesicles, 30-180 nanometres in diameter, carrying genetic information, growth factors and proteins.
They are approximately 1/1,000th the size of a cell.
They are structures with high potential in cell renewal and repair in the field of Regenerative Medicine.
Features
- They carry many biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, mRNAs, miRNAs, and incRNAs.
- The cargo they carry is thought to offer a significant advantage in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
- They characteristically carry the membrane and cytoplasmic properties of the cells from which they are secreted.
- They have the potential to serve as markers in the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases, including cancer.
- They carry various proteins on their surface and within their matrix (Surface Proteins and Functional Proteins).
- They contain genetic material (mRNA, miRNA, incRNA).
- Lipids form the membrane structure and influence the biological functions of exosomes. (Phospholipids, Sphingolipids, Rafts)
- They possess metabolites that affect metabolic processes (Amino Acids, Enzymes, Intermediate Substances)
Cell Proliferation, Differentiation, Angiogenesis, Fibrosis, Remodelling, Tissue Regeneration and Other Regenerative Processes
- VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)
- FGF2 (Fibroblast Growth Factor 2)
- EGF (Epidermal Growth Factor)
- BMP2 (Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2)
- COL1A1 (Collagen Type 1 Alpha 1 Chain)
- MMP2 (Matrix Metalloproteinase 2)
- miR-21
- miR-126
- miR-29a
- miR-199a-3p
- H19
- MEG3 (Maternally Expressed Gene 3)
- LINC00467
- PVT1 (Plasmacytoma Variant Translocation 1)
Antioxidation, Cellular Protection, Cellular Survival and Anti-Apoptosis
- SOD2 (Superoxide Dismutase 2)
- GPX1 (Glutathione Peroxidase 1)
- AKT1 (Protein Kinase B)
- HSP70 (Heat Shock Protein 70)
- miR-17-5p
- miR-210
- miR-214
- miR-23a
- miR-92a
- miR-27b
Immune Regulation and Inflammation
- IL10 (Interleukin 10)
- TGF-β (Transforming Growth Factor Beta)
- CSF1 (Colony-Stimulating Factor 1)
- CXCL12 (C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 12)
- NEAT1 (Nuclear Enriched Abundant Transcript 1)
- TUG1 (Taurine Upregulated Gene 1)
- GAS5 (Growth Arrest Specific 5)
Haematopoietic Processes
- RUNX1 (Runt-Related Transcription Factor-1)
- GATA2 (GATA Binding Protein 2)
- EPO (Erythropoietin)
Cellular Metabolism and Energy Management
- GAPDH (Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase)
- PGK1 (Phosphoglycerate Kinase 1)
- PDK1 (Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 1)
- PGC-1α (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-Alpha)
- G6PD (Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase)
- HOTAIR (HOX Transcript Antisense RNA)
- UCA1 (Urothelial Cancer Associated 1)
- GAS5 (Growth Arrest Specific 5)
- LINC01133
- SNHG16 (Small Nucleolar RNA Host Gene 16)
Cord Blood-Derived Exosomes
Cord blood-derived exosomes are one of the most important biological tools for intercellular communication. These small vesicles (30–180 nm), surrounded by a double-layered phospholipid membrane, carry genetic material (mRNA, miRNA, lncRNA), growth factors, proteins, enzymes, and lipids, transferring biological information to both nearby and distant cells. Despite being approximately 1/1000th the size of cells, they play a role in regulating many vital processes such as proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, tissue regeneration, antioxidant protection, and immune regulation.
Exosomes obtained from cord blood have high regenerative potential due to their natural structure. The growth factors they contain, such as VEGF, FGF2, EGF, and BMP2; microRNAs such as miR-21, miR-126, and miR-199a-3p; and antioxidant proteins such as SOD2, GPX1, and HSP70 accelerate tissue repair and protect cells against oxidative stress. Furthermore, they suppress inflammation and maintain balance in the immune system with immune regulatory molecules such as IL-10, TGF-β, and CXCL12.
Thanks to these biological cargoes, cord blood exosomes show potential in orthopaedics (cartilage and bone repair), cardiology (ischaemic tissue regeneration), neurology (stroke, MS, ALS, Parkinson’s), dermatology (chronic wounds, burns, skin rejuvenation), nephrology (kidney damage), hepatology (liver failure), among many other fields, and show clinical potential.
Quality Control Parameters (Cord Blood-Derived Exosomes)
- Serology Analysis
- Culture Analysis
- Mycoplasma Analysis
- Surface Marker Analysis
- Particle Count Analysis
- Moisture Determination Analysis
